Two strands in the contemporary psychoanalytic conversation have emerged that when set side by side exert interesting effects. One is a call for a unified front. Peter Fonagy, in an essay published in 2003 titled, “Some Complexities in the Relationship of Psychoanalytic Theory to Technique,” acknowledges the pressures on psychoanalysis from skeptics and alternate therapeutic approaches and decries what he calls the “fragmenting” of psychoanalytic theories, which he refers to as “fatal” to the future of psychoanalysis. He longs for a robust, unified, psychoanalytic theory that can withstand the challenges of alternative approaches; one that would be “more in line with modern, postempirical views of science” (p. 16).