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The feminist movement, like any other process, can be examined in the way it effects the realms of science, literature, and the visual arts. It can also be evaluated in its impact on psychoanalysis. The literature from the earliest days of the current feminist movement was antipsychoanalytic and especially anti-Freud. The images and identity of women in classical psychoanalysis did not fit into the zeitgeist of the times. The feminist movement was inspired by the civil rights movement of the 1960s and went through stages of nationalism and segregation. As part of the bond of sisterhood, as well as the growing feeling that men could not understand women's needs, women were warned to stay away from male therapists. Some of the leading writers and practitioners were viewed as adhering too closely to the male model, and women analysts like Deutsch, Salome, and Bonaparte were seen as accommodationists. This occurred as the so-called patriarchal services of psychiatrists waned to be supplanted by clinical psychology, social work, the human potential movement, and social science feminism.
Then along came people like Lewis, Kaplan, (Louise) Fast, and Smirgel,