Attachment theory, along with relevant research, is reviewed in terms of its usefulness as a developmental theory for conceptualizing aspects of the psychoanalytic process. Because of its emphasis on the development of relationships through the process of dyadic interaction, attachment theory offers an alternative conceptualization for understanding the relationship aspects of the clinical psychoanalytic process. Manifestations of early attachment behavior can be understood as being recreated in the course of psychoanalysis and can contribute to a developmental understanding of the process. Because many psychiatric problems can be attributed to difficulties in the development of an attachment relationship, it is also possible that attachment theory may be helpful in providing further understanding of the etiology of deviations in development.