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I would like to point out that the 1992 article by Shulman should have modestly been titled “A North American Selection of the Quantitative Investigation of Psychoanalytic Theory and Therapy.” It is to be praised that Shulman tries to raise the research-oriented, quantiative consciousness within the psychoanalytic field. However, some issues have to be solved that might otherwise hamper development.
First, what criteria for psychoanalytic does Shulman use? For example, he includes Klerman's Interpersonal Psychotherapy, which in my view is a far cry from psychoanalysis even when using the very liberal definition of it that we have proclaimed for many years (Thomä & Kächele, 1987, 1992). He also includes quite a few references from the general field of psychotherapy research that are not very psychoanalytic.
Non-North American literature seems to escape the author's collecting efforts; for example, important work by Rainer Krause on emotion and facial action (e.g., Krause & Lütolf, 1988) is totally neglected although it recently has been noticed even by Otto Kernberg in his latest book (Kernberg, 1992). This is even more astonishing as the author seems to have been aware of the collection entitled Psychoanalytic Process Research Strategies (Dahl, Kächele, & Thomä, 1988); he includes the chapter by Silberschatz,