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This article examines the impact of psychoanalytic theory on the clinical practice of psychological testing. This impact has its origins in the work of D. Rapaport, M. Gill, and R. Schafer (1945-1946), who integrated the psychoanalytic model of the mind with psychological tests. Such integration allowed an expansion of the clinical inference process to a new level. The work of these 3 major thinkers has allowed psychological testing to expand far beyond the psychometric and atheoretical approach so prevalent in psychological testing before the 1940s as well as the descriptive emphasis on testing that is so popular today. The various contributions of psychoanalytic theory to psychological testing are explored in detail. Four functions served by psychoanalytic theory in psychological testing practice are delineated. Furthermore, psychoanalytic theory allows the psychologist to expand the number of data sources available in psychological testing. The authors conclude by tracing the various contributions and schools of psychoanalytically oriented testing that have derived from D. Rapaport's work.