The very identity of psychoanalysis—who should practice it and how and what kind of a discipline it is—are the fundamental questions raised in Robert Wallerstein's painstaking account of the long standing battles over lay analysis, a contentious issue only resolved within the last decade. Is psychonalysis a part of psychiatry, primarily a therapy for neurotics and an expanded clientele of borderlines and psychotics? Is it an independent discipline, a science of the mind and thus a part of psychology, as Freud insisted, and not a mere handmaiden of psychiatry. Freud believed that the profession of psychoanalyst should be open to physician and nonphysician alike and condemned his American followers for their militant medical emphasis.