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In response to the debate between followers of Klein and other theorists about the origins of envy, this article proposes an alternative account of the career of envy in development. This account is located against the background of current thinking about the relationship between preoedipal and oedipal dynamics. Its argument is grounded in concepts found in Winnicott's theories of development in general as well as in his writings specifically on envy; however, as part of its argument, this article offers a critique of the latter in light of the former. It is proposed that envy represents one possible response to the state of being overwhelmed or impinged on, which is then shaped, within a given environment, by subsequent experience and refinements in the capacity for judgment that are made by the infant in the course of discovering the world.
Who is the third who walks always beside you?When I count, there are only you and I togetherBut when I look ahead up the white roadThere is always another one walking beside youGliding wrapt in a brown mantle, hoodedI do not know whether a man or a woman—But who is that on the other side of you?