Hans Loewald's rereading of Freud, especially in his understanding of responsibility, mourning, and sublimation, developed a kind of ethical thinking that culminated in his “Waning of the Oedipus Complex.” Taking over responsibility for oneself as atonement for the harm caused to those who gave us life, and taking in (internalization) of their best values, meant a continual process of separation and loving reunion. This contribution also suggests that further ethical thinking beyond Loewald's own possibilities may be needed.