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Kernberg's object relations model postulates that excessive splitting compromises the integration of the positive and negative poles of the representations of self and other, as well as their arrangement into more complex and hierarchically ordered structures such as the individual's identity, resulting in identity diffusion. In adult functioning, splitting and diffuse identity are conceived as 2 close functional related constructs and associated to borderline impulsivity. The present paper proposes an empirical investigation of Kernberg's model, with the aim of examining the relations between splitting, identity diffusion, and impulsivity as measured with 2 instruments: one measuring the frequency of occurrence of self-damaging behaviors (BSL-B; Borderline Symptom List-23, Behavior Supplement Scale) and the other assessing the borderline impulsivity trait [Personality Assessment Inventory-Borderline features, Self-Harm subscale (PAI-BOR Self-Harm subscale)]. Data from the Splitting Index (SI) and the Identity Consolidation Inventory (ICI) was collected from a nonclinical sample (N = 204). Multiple regression results showed that only identity diffusion made a significant contribution to the variance of borderline impulsivity trait (PAI-BOR Self-Harm) whereas only splitting made a significant contribution regarding the frequency of occurrence of self-damaging behaviors (BSL-B). Results suggest that both splitting and identity diffusion measures reveal respective associations with impulsivity in a nonclinical sample but these associations seem to vary depending on the instrument assessing impulsivity. Differences between the 2 impulsivity measures are discussed in relation to both psychoanalytic constructs.