Defense mechanisms are supposed to help us deal with stress by decreasing anxiety and preserving our self-esteem. The aim of the present study was to determine which defense styles and specific defense mechanisms have the strongest association with anxiety and self-esteem. Defense Style Questionnaire-40 (DSQ-40), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were administered in nonclinical young adults (N = 341). The structure coefficients and Johnson's relative weights were calculated. Mature, neurotic, and immature factors of DSQ-40 explained a sizeable amount of variance in trait and state anxiety and self-esteem (36%, 19%, 21%, and 23%, respectively). Immature factor, projection, and autistic fantasy subscales were found to be particularly strong negative predictors.