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This paper is concerned with the relationship between psychotherapy and general psychiatry. This relationship is examined from historical, clinical and theoretical perspectives. Psychotherapy is an integral part of psychiatric practice imparting to it a means of participating in, as well as observing, the patient's subjective experiences. Mental illnesses, whatever their nature have fundamental elements in common. This common ground is most apparent when mental illnesses are conceptualised in psychological terms. Such an approach in no way undervalues the importance of the hereditary and somatic influences which contribute to the predisposition to mental illnesses. Viewed in this psychobiological way it is not difficult to discern what is common to neuroses, psychoses and disturbances of the personality. The clinical phenomena provide the basis for a developmental theory which portrays the essential unity of mental illnesses. The paper concludes with a discussion of why psychotherapy is being gradually divorced from clinical psychiatry. The dangers which this separation hold for the clinical tradition in psychiatry are emphasised.