The changing aims of psychoanalysis are discussed with reference to Money-Kyrle's paper on the subject. The theory of dammed-up libido, the theory of moral conflict and the theory of misrepresentations and perversion of reality which he described, all imply different aims. It is argued that, in addition, the theory of protective identification leads to a radical change in the aim of treatment which can now be formulated in terms of helping the patient regain lost parts of the self.