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Borderline and psychotic patients especially, hut not exclusively, show genuine motivation towards achieving insight and change and then suddenly behave as if these have never been desired. When this shift occurs after a helpful interpretation it can be thought of as a negative therapeutic reaction. Patients can feel taken over by perceptions which drive them to think and behave in ways they later disagree with. These observations have led the author, along with colleagues at the Willesden Centre for Psychological Treatment, to recognise a situation of internal cohabitation of two autonomous minds in the one body which is a development of but not identical to Bion's concepts of psychotic and non-psychotic personalities. Some of the psychoanalytic literature on the different modes of mental functioning are reviewed and problems of appropriate conceptualisations are discussed. Clinical examples are presented to illustrate that differentiating the genuine negative therapeutic reaction from reactions to poor interpretations is facilitated and leads to further understanding of the patient's psychotic personality if the psychotherapist can hold in mind both the patient's and the therapist's psychotic and non-psychotic personalities.