Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is an educational method which has been developed and practised in various medical schools for some twenty years. To the authors’ knowledge it has never before been implemented in psychotherapeutic training anywhere in the world. In this paper, the method itself is presented, as is the curriculum in Sweden in which the method was used, in a three-year programme for training in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. All lectures and seminars have been replaced by PBL, which has had a profound influence on all parts of the syllabus. The experience has proved to be successful, and the didactic process has many similarities with psychotherapeutic procedure. The method seems to lessen destructive regression and to improve the integration of psychotherapy theory with its practice.