In this paper I consider the uses of the transference and countertransference dynamics in the assessment process. Patients referred to an NHS Outpatient Psychotherapy Department are discussed. In the Department the assessor will usually not be the patient's therapist. In this situation I suggest that the transference relationship is not the sole or central focus of interpretation, unless the transference is manifested as a resistance to the exploration of the patient's unconscious conflicts underlying the presenting symptoms and difficulties. However, the transference relationship and countertransference responses alongside the patient's history form the basis of the assessor's understanding and dynamic formulation.