This article reviews the empirical evidence for psychodynamic therapy for specific mental disorders in adults. According to the results presented here, there is evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that psychodynamic therapy is efficacious in common mental disorders, including depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, personality disorders, eating disorders, complicated grief, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance-related disorders. These results clearly contradict assertions repeatedly made by representatives of other psychotherapeutic approaches claiming that psychodynamic psychotherapy is not empirically supported. However, further research is required, both on outcome and processes of psychodynamic psychotherapy. There is a need, for example, for RCTs of psychodynamic psychotherapy of PTSD. Furthermore, research on long-term psychotherapy for specific mental disorders is required.