The article provides an overview of the current state of psychoanalytic psychotherapy in the NHS of the Russian Federation (RNHS). The authors discuss successful examples of the implementation of psychoanalytic methodology in psychiatry during the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation. Psychodynamically oriented professionals of the RNHS and outside of RNHS are mainly concentrated in large cities. Despite a long tradition and a growing body of evidence for efficacy, the medical community is hostile to psychoanalytic ideas in psychiatry. However, psychoanalytic psychotherapy is in great demand in a society.