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This study was undertaken to test by means of the questionnaire method the conclusions of psychoanalysts concerning the frequency of the foster-child fantasy, as well as to determine some further facts about it. Very complete returns were obtained under supervision from over nine hundred adolescents. The detailed presentation of the responses to each question indicate that 28 percent, could immediately recall experience with the fantasy in this form. No opportunity for mediate recall was given and no effort made to obtain data concerning concealed forms of the fantasy; hence this is obviously a minimal figure. Twenty-five percent, of these reported belief in the fantasy for varying lengths of time. The two stages of the fantasy reported by Rank are clearly indicated in the returns with the addition of a stage in which the child thinks of himself as of inferior parentage. This form of the fantasy appears almost as frequently as the later stage characterized by ideas of greatness. Two other stages of the fantasy development were suggested but not certainly indicated in the returns. The study verifies also Rank's statement that the immediate causes of the fantasy are feelings of parental neglect or lack of affection and romantic literature; but it also brings to light several other supplementary causes, such as prolonged absence from the parents, marital infelicity observed by the parents, lack of companionship and the absence of mental and physical resemblance to the parents. Tabulation of the effects of the fantasy upon conduct as recalled and described by these adolescents shows that it was most frequently (50 percent.) of a kind to alienate them from their parents. Domesticating conduct was rarely reported (6 percent.).