Internationale Zeitschrift für Aertzliche Psychoanalyse

On the transformation of natural tendencies, especially of the anal erotic. sigmund freud.

On two types of war neuroses. dr. S. ferenczi.

Combination ef erotic tendencies and character traits. dr. S. ferenczi.

Contributions to the psychoanalytic theory of the affects. dr. theodor reik.

On the transformation of the natural tendencies, especially of the anal erotic.—Freud, long convinced that the coexistence of the three characterological traits, pedantry, miserliness, and obstinacy indicate exaggeration of an anal erotic component, undertook the study of the development of these traits for the purpose of tracing their interconnection and their relation to infantile sexual life. He found that in the first years of life, before the libido becomes centralized in the genital region, sadism and anal eroticism play the principal rôle in the sexual organization. An important question then is, what becomes of the anal eroticism at puberty when the final genital organization is attained and it no longer participates directly in the sexual life? Is it repressed into the unconscious and does it continue to exist there unchanged? Does it undergo sublimation and transformation into certain peculiarities of character? Or is it absorbed in the new form of sexuality arising from the differentiation of the genital elements? Or, finally, does the anal eroticism follow no one of these destinies exclusively, with the result that some sort of compromise is effected? And if this latter is the case, in what proportion does each of these possible developments enter into the ultimate characterological makeup? Illuminating for the solution of the problem, the author points out, is the fact that the same words are used to designate objects connected with the early anal erotic period and those connected with later adult life, suggesting identity of emotional endowment. In the productions of the unconscious, that is, in thoughts, phantasies, and symptoms, the excreta (taken als