Duality, a Study of the Psychoanalysis of Race. By R. N. Bradley. New York:  Moffat, Yard & Co., 1923. Pp.  186.

Corroboration of the main psychological principles outlined by Freud and his followers continues to pour in from diverse sources. Some of these sources are surprising. It is, of course, to be expected that those who go to such departments of knowledge as history, biography, drama, painting, music, wit, philosophy, and so on, equipped with the psychoanalytical technique, should be rewarded by significant data, but other fields seem at first glance remote.

Now comes an ethnologist, R. N. Bradley, author of “Malta and the Mediterranean Race,” who finds in the study of his specialty unexpected verification. His thesis is, briefly, that mankind derives originally from two types which he alludes to as the long-heads and the short-heads, the former being African and the latter Asiatic.

By a series of ethnological arguments, which we cannot quote in detail here, he proves that, contrary to what is believed in certain quarters, Europe was originally settled by a long-headed race and later invaded by a short-headed one. The long-headed races, he says, are pliable, emotional, spiritual, with inclinations towards poetry and the arts. In contrast, the short-headed races are practical, muscular, possess strong will-power, are ruthless.

Physically, the Asiatic has squarely-set eyes, with poor sight, but strong jaws and good teeth. He is a biter, but not a seer. (Witness the Prussian.) The African has oval eyes, with good sight. The difference extends to symbols:

“The higher classes in the Roman Army are associated with the horse and the round shield, both Asiatic; the lower classes bore the long shield of the Mediterraneans. And it may be observed here that the symbol of the Asiatic is roundness, and of the Hamites or Mediterraneans, length: long head, long barrow, long shield; round head, round barrow, round shield; the difference is vital and permeates both character and culture.“