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Sigmund Freud. Neurosis and Psychosis.
S. Ferenczi. On Forced Phantasies.
H. Nunberg. Depersonalization in the Light of the Libido Theory.
H. V. Hattingberg. Analysis of the Analytical Situation.
H. W. Frink. Collective Review of the American Psychoanalytic Literature.
R. De Saussure. The French Psychoanalytic Literature for 1920-1922.
1. Neurosis and Psychosis.—Freud discusses the neuroses and psychoses in connection with the principles and mechanisms set forth in his recent work Das Ich und das Es. The neurosis implies a conflict between the I and the It (“Das Ich” and “das Es”), while the psychosis results from an alteration in the relations between the “I” and the external world. This formula taken absolutely does not always conform to the facts, as countless transitional types are possible, but broadly speaking it is in conformity with the conditions. The results of analysis show that the transference neuroses arise when the ego refuses to accept a powerful instinctive impulse belonging to the “It” and bring it to motor outlet, or withholds from this impulse the object toward which it is directed. The ego asserts itself through the mechanism of repression, the repressed material rebels against its fate, and taking a path over which the ego has no control, it finds a substitute which imposes itself on the ego in the form of a compromise. Finding its integrity menaced by this intruder, the ego enters on a conflict against the symptom, just as in the first instance against the instinctive impulse, and from this condition of things the neurosis arises. It is no valid objection to the formula proposed that the ego, when it undertakes the repression, obeys the command of the super—ego, which is really a representative of such influences of the outer world as have been able to find representation in it. The fact always remains that the ego has aligned itself with these powers, and that, in the ego, their claims are stronger that those of the “It”