Internationale Zeitschrift Für Psychoanalyse Und Imago

1. Freud, Sigmund Outline of Psychoanalysis.

2. Obituary. Eugen Bleuler, 1857-1939.

Freud, Sigmund Outline of Psychoanalysis.— This is one of the few unpublished works of Freud. It was begun in July, 1938, and was left unfinished. His aim in this brief work was to bring together the doctrines of psychoanalysis and to state them in the most concise form and in the most positive terms. In Part I he takes up the nature of the mind, in Part II the practical task, and in Part III the theoretical yield. Here he says that those who have a liking for generalizations and sharp distinctions may say that in teachings of psychoanalysis, the external world, in which the individual finds himself exposed after being detached from his parents, represents the power of the present; that his id, with its inherited trends, represents the organic past; and that the super-ego, which later joins them, represents more than anything the cultural past, which the child has to pass through, as it were, an after-experience during the few years of his early childhood. It is scarcely likely that such generalizations can be wholly correct. Some of the cultural acquisitions have undoubtedly left a deposit behind in the id; much of what is contributed by the super-ego will awaken an echo in the id; many of the child's new experiences will be intensified because they are repetitions of some primeval phylogenetic experience (“What thou hast inherited from thy fathers, acquire it to make it thine”). Thus the super-ego takes up a kind of intermediate position between the id and the external world; it unites in itself the influences of the present and of the past. In the process of establishing the super-ego we experience, as it were, an example of the way in which the present is changed into the past. Psychoanalysis escaped such difficulties as an unbridgeable parallel between physical and mental by energetically denying the equation between the mental and the conscious. Consciousness can