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This is a timely book in a world still dazed by the blast at Hiroshima. Professor Flugel presents a careful analysis not only of the psychological roots of man's aggressiveness, but likewise of the means which have developed for its control. The comprehensive quality of his survey is suggested by the Author's Index, which includes some two hundred names. Flugel has used these references in a scholarly way to give his work breadth, both of foundation and of perspective. As would be expected from the subtitle, Freud is the author most frequently quoted, and Flugel has done an excellent job in showing how his theories developed and the steps by which they grew. He dates the beginning of the intensive study of the moral factor in man's psychology with the publication of The Ego and the Id in 1923, but shows how this represented the bringing together of ideas presented at an earlier date. As early as 1912, in a paper on “Narcissism,” Freud had suggested that the ego-ideal corresponds to some extent to the critical attitude of the parent. In 1917, writing on the topic, “Mourning and Melancholia,” he first pointed out the significance of aggression in the super-ego. Flugel has based much of his book on the results of the combining of these two ideas. He affirms that the relationship of morality with aggression has been too little recognized, both in regard to their external expression, as well as when turned against the self in service of the suger-ego. Flugel views internal guilt and external aggression as being, to a large extent, aspects of the same problem. In a summarizing chapter on “The Psychology of Moral Progress,” he shows that one of the contributions of psychoanalysis has been to reduce guilt and moral conflict, and thus allow a freer use of instinctive energies in the service of the individual and the community. Among other important trends which he analyzes as showing moral progress are transitions from egocentricity to sociality; autism to realism; fear to s