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Sharpe, Ella. The Psychoanalyst.
De Groot, Jeanne Lampl. On the Development of the Ego and Super-Ego.
Wisdom, J. O. Three Dreams of Descartes.
Stone, Leo. Transference Sleep in a Neurosis with Duodenal Ulcer.
Sperling, Melitta. The Analysis of an Exhibitionist.
Sharpe, Ella. The Psychoanalyst. The first chapter of a book which the late Ella Sharpe was engaged in writing at the time of her death entitled, Talks to Students of Psychoanalysis.
De Groot, Jeanne Lampl. On the Development of the Ego and Super-Ego. Since the war research has taken different directions. There is an increasing interest in the development of the ego and super-ego. Many authors stress the influence of environmental elements connected with the formation of the ego. It is the task of the psychologist to study how the individual ego develops out of the inborn ego-core. The investigation of the ego or more precisely of the instrument with which the ego is operating, the intelligence, has already been partially carried out. The work of Piaget and others is referred to. The development of the primitive ego—though partly autonomous—is at the same time highly dependent on the influences of the outer world as well as on other parts of the individual (id and later super-ego). The functions of the ego are better known than its development. The ego as a part of the id develops out of an inborn ego-core and has a development of its own. This autonomous development occurs under the influence of the contact with reality, with the id (and later on with the super-ego). Observation teaches us that the choice of the special defence-mechanisms is determined by an inborn factor. The ego-organization needs a certain amount of narcissistic cathexis in order to function correctly. Especially in the earlier stages of ego-development, this libidinal position is very vulnerable. From analytic observations we must conclude that the super-ego develops in the same way as the id and ego. Still there are some diff