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In the past 70 years, psychotherapy, including psychoanalysis, has developed extensively. Beginning with Freud, techniques for helping the emotionally troubled have multiplied. Following Darwin, who forced human beings to reconsider their place in nature, Freud compelled man to look closely into his own nature. He used the then current methods of 19th century science. Alfred Kazin has said: “He had been thoroughly trained by the prevailing school of physiology to think of the body as a machine, and in his own thinking he was a rigorous, old-fashioned rationalist whose only religion was science itself.”5
By the time Freud began, the methods of the physical sciences were well established. In his early research in physiology, he displayed a keen, analytical mind, careful in observation and prudent in theory. Losing interest in neurological problems, he employed a similar approach in studying personality, including an exhaustive analysis of his own nature. As a result, in 1900 he published his most singular work, The Interpretation of Dreams. Thereby he added a new dimension to human life, an exploration into man's inwardness, which previous psychology had largely avoided. Only the poets, novelists, dramatists, and philosophers had dared to discuss the depths of man's nature prior to Freud.
Certainly no one needs to extol the methods and accomplishments of science. Nature has yielded many of her secrets to the inquiring, careful, and persistent researcher. Technology, industrialization, and utilization of nature (for example, electricity) are the