Although psychoanalysis is basically a verbal type of psychotherapy, the spoken word is only one form of expression that can be therapeutically useful. Lines, color, movement, and gestures are some of the other ways of communicating, and art therapy uses them to reach and understand children whose verbal abilities are not fully developed. Art therapy enables the child to express graphically what he could not express verbally. The graphic productions then form the basis for discussions which are therapeutically directed toward restoring his mental health.

Kramer's orientation is psychoanalytic, and she pays special attention to sublimation, mechanisms of defense and aggression, and their relationship to art therapy. Other items discussed are transference, reality-testing, compulsive defenses, and displacement. Her elaborations on countertransference are instructive.

This readable and informative book contains case histories and is