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Despite the current revitalization of its theory and practice, psychoanalysis is often seen as out of step with important developments in the mental-health fields and in society at large. It is well known that psychoanalysis is thought of as the very antithesis of biological psychiatry, despite Freud's roots in, and ongoing commitment to, the biological sciences. On another front, psychoanalysis, in its focus on the individual and the dyadic analytic relationship, is thought largely to ignore socio-economic and political factors which tend to be salient to those of us who came of age in the ′60s. Nonetheless, psychoanalytically oriented clinicians have made integrative moves on both fronts. Many analysts and analytically oriented therapists are quite comfortable with biological interventions in many cases; there has also been a considerable interaction between feminism and psychoanalysis as well as some psychoanalytically informed social theory, from the Frankfurt school onward. The book under review, Inside Out and Outside In, aims to pull all these currents together. A central goal, as stated on the dust jacket, is “to update psychodynamic approaches by adding the essential biological and social perspectives that they often lack.”
In this effort, the authors follow in the integrative tradition of Fred Pine (1990) who had similar aims with respect to the various theoretical points of view within psychoanalysis. Berzoff, Melano, and Hertz expand Pine's schema of one-person psychoanalytic psychologies (i.e., of drive, ego, object, and self) by adding a discussion of interpersonal psychoanalysis, a two-person psychology. Their perspective further broadens to embrace socio-cultural factors as they include a discussion of race and culture by Lourdes Mattei. There is also an exploration of gender issues throughout the book. A medical model is added as the authors move on to a discussion of various diagnostic categories, including biological as well as psychological and so