Lucia Joyce, Schizophrenia, Nora Barnacle, Stephen Dedalus, Leopold, Milly, and Molly Bloom, Dreaming, Humphrey Chimpden Earwicker, Isabel, Shaun, Shem, Anna Livia Plurabelle and the River Liffey: James Joyce's Dublin Phantasmagoria*

[In Finnegans Wake] the characters are dreamlike shapes of the eternal, unholy family, Everyman, his wife, their children, and their followers, bobbing up and down on the river. In the twentieth century Everyman's avatar was to be Humphrey Chimpden Earwicker, keeper of a public house in Chapelizod, whose wife was Anna Livia, whose children were the twins Shem and Shaun and their sister with the split personality, Isabel. Behind and within Earwicker, that compound of bounce and bluster, were all men of enterprise, strong or weak; his twin sons were every possible pair of brothers or opponents, his wife was all homekeepers, his daughter, every heart's desire from Iseult of Ireland to Swift's Vanessa. Beyond these manifestations Earwicker was a primordial giant, a mountain, a god, with a double aspect suggested by the

This article is dedicated to the late Dr. Nathaniel Apter, my first professor of psychiatry, a psychoanalyst who introduced me to psychoanalysis and allowed me as a medical student to join him in his psychodynamic study of schizophrenia at the University of Chicago and Manteno State Hospital, 1951-1954.

1. * Presented at 6th annual symposium of the International Society for the Psychological Treatments of Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses, Chicago, IL, September 2004, and at the Winter Scientific Conference of the Center for Psychoanalytic Study in Chicago, November 10, 2004.

2. ** Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Senior Attending Psychiatrist(Emeritus), Evanston Hospital; Fellow, American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry; Training and Supervising Analyst (Emeritus), Center for Psychoanalytic Study in Chicago; and Distinguished Life Fellow, American Psychiatric Association.

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sons, and Anna a river, a prin-ciple of nature, her daughter a cloud.

I will begin this article by briefly comparing the Dublin of Joyce's book Ulysses in 1904 with Dublin today, illustrating how under stres