When John Bowlby first presented his ethological views on attachment, psychoanalysts derided and dismissed his findings. Bowlby the heretic committed the grand error of devising a motivational theory that refused to encompass the essential markers of psychoanalytic theory (e.g., the dynamic unconscious, the libidinal and aggressive drives). In recent years, the innovative contributions of attachment researchers such as Ainsworth and Main have led to a potentially fertile rapprochement.