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The phenomena we deal with do not belong only to psychology; they have also an organic and biological aspect, and accordingly in the course of our efforts at building up psychoanalysis we have also made important biological discoveries and have not been able to avoid framing new biological hypotheses.
Decades before writing An Outline of Psychoanalysis, Freud's Project for a Scientific Psychology attempted to define the unconscious in neurological terms. Due to the technological restraints of the time, Freud was forced to abandon the Project and turn his focus to investigating the unconscious though dream analysis (Roffman & Gerber, 2008). In modern times, biological discoveries continue to inform and support hypotheses about the development and amelioration of psychological distress. The body of research identifying biological support for the cognitive theory of depression may serve as an exemplar for furthering the study and practice of psychoanalysis.
The cognitive theory and psychoanalytic approaches are concerned with similar phenomena. Both approaches involve exploration of content that is private, nonmaterial, and nonspatial (Beck, 2004). The individual's introspective report of physically