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In line with the current urgent exploration of the intersection of psychoanalysis and the sociopolitical world, Lucille Spira's edited volume, Rage and Creativity: How Feminism Sparked Psychoanalysis, explicates how the second wave of feminism created a wellspring of thought that revolutionized psychoanalysis. It debunked phallocentric notions of femininity, asserted a primary femininity, and added connection, empathy, and subjectivity—frequently seen as feminine traits—as important values in our work. No longer is the female superego weaker than the male's. No longer is anatomy destiny. “Penis envy” died a well-deserved death.
Why do these evolutions in theory matter? As Arlene Richards and many of the other contributors point out, these developments changed the approach of mainly female analysts toward