By releasing ourselves from the shackles of our limited vision of psychoanalytic treatment, we are able to recognize the complexity of the interactional field and the broad range of interventions that, heretofore, have too often been relegated to that poor step child of psychoanalysis, psychoanalytic psychotherapy. By questioning some of the traditional assumptions in psychoanalysis, Dr. Miller attempts to expand the horizons of psychoanalytic treatment beyond the bounds of the basic rule. He depicts how psychoanalytic treatment actually occurs, not how it is said to occur.

In psychoanalysis, interpretation became the primary sanctioned form of the analyst's intervention (i.e., action) and served as the “banner to distinguish psychoanalysis” (Friedman, 1978, p. 536) from