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As self psychology gains acceptance in the United States and throughout the world (Ornstein, 1993), Kohut's fundamental contributions have been integrated into a growing number of theoretically disparate self psychology treatment models. For example, Kohut's concepts of selfobject and selfobject transference are integral to the theories of intersubjectivity (Atwood and Stolorow, 1984, 1993; Stolorow, Brandchaft, and Atwood, 1987; Stolorow and Atwood, 1992), motivational systems (Lichtenberg, 1989; Lichtenberg, Lachmann, and Fosshage, 1992), and the selfobject and object relations dual transference model (Stolorow and Lachmann, 1981, 1984/1985).
In addition, Kohut's formulations have generated considerable debate within self psychology, and reformulations of his fundamental constructs have been proposed. For example, Kohut's conceptualization of an individual having an “innermost design” (1977) that will unfold spontaneously