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Current empirical studies have radically transformed the way we view the inner life of the infant by providing us with new information regarding an inividual's developing sense of self (e.g., Bowlby, 1982; Emde, 1985; Stem, 1985). Prior conceptualizations have emphasized the importance of the separation-individuation process which leads to an experience of the self as independent from others (e.g., Blos, 1979; Mahler, Pine, & Bergman, 1975). Feminist theorists have begun to challenge the usefulness of this framework for understanding adult development, particularly for women. They believe that there is no inherent need for separation in order to reach psychological maturity. Instead, psychological growth occurs within a matrix of emotional connection and mutual sharing (e.g., Gilligan. 1982; Miller, 1976, 1984).
It is our belief that both theoretical models contribute to our present understanding of self-development. Together, they provide