There is much theoretical and clinical literature on the efficacy of interpretation in psychoanalytic treatment. This paper traces the major contributions to the understanding of interpretation as both a concept and technique. Beginning with Freud, it examines the controversies in the literature pertaining to the use of interpretation in the treatment of lower functioning patients, particularly those suffering from borderline and narcissistic disorders. The views of proponents of classical technique are contrasted with those authors who apply a revised definition of interpretation with patients under the broadened scope of psychoanalysis. The paper will also examine the place of interpretation in clinical social work.