Aside from the division within psychoanalysis between positivists and constructivists, the adherents to each of these positions face divisions within their own theories. Every psychoanalytic paradigm must include theories of development, psychopathology and treatment. Yet, the methodologies used to construct each of these theories differ from one another. Theories of development and psychopathology generally use a positivistic approach in their construction, while theories of treatment are generally constructivist or hermeneutic in their methodologies. Two books, M. Shane, E. Shane and M. Gales” Intimate Attachments: Toward a New Self Psychology, and Merton M. Gill's Psychoanalysis in Transition: A Personal View, each reflecting one of these positions, are discussed to illustrate the dilemmas each of these positions faces.