Transference and countertransference and the unconscious are critical concepts from psychoanalytic theory that are central to social work education and training about the therapeutic process. However, assessment and treatment of diverse populations requires the incorporation of new theories and concepts for understanding the intersection of clinicians' and clients' racial and ethnic identities. Intersubjectivity, ethnocultural transference and countertransference and racial enactments are three key concepts that deepen psychoanalytic and psychodynamic work with racial and ethnic populations. These concepts are described and illustrated by a case example. This article supports the incorporation of this knowledge in the supervision, teaching and training of psychoanalysts, professional social workers, and other mental health professionals. Professional social workers in the American Psychoanalytic Association are encouraged to take a leadership role in supporting the inclusion of this knowledge in psychoanalytic training.