The question of whether a psychodynamic perspective can be used meaningfully and effectively in mental health treatment with Latinos is a complex one that has engendered much debate, strong sentiment, but little empirical data to support either side of the controversy. This article reviews the theoretical/conceptual literature and practice outcome research surrounding the question of the use of psychodynamic treatment with Latinos in order to ground and advance this important conversation. The review underscores the strength of the value assumptions in the literature about what constitutes effective treatment for the Latino population, and the dearth of empirical, systematic information available to explore this question.