Despite the advent of the neuroleptic drugs in the 1950s, schizophrenia continues to cause widespread economic burden and disability. Various psychoanalytic scholars have offered theories of schizophrenia as a mental illness, and research has consistently demonstrated psychotherapy’s effectiveness as a component of schizophrenia treatment. The contributions of the late Italian-American psychiatrist Silvano Arieti are reviewed here as an example of a unified biological and psychodynamic approach to schizophrenia. Clinical techniques for working analytically with schizophrenia patients are reviewed. Implications of an integrated approach to the disorder are discussed within the current climate of mental health.