The long-term effects of the global COVID-19 pandemic on individuals, families, and society are not yet known. For social workers, it is critical to consider how the pandemic is impacting families, and in particular, children and their development. This manuscript applies psychodynamic theory and research on neurobiology to explore some of the potential effects of COVID-19 on children and their developmental trajectories. The discussion of these psychodynamic concepts is also placed within the context of the heightened tensions around equity and social justice issues within the U.S. society. In addition, this article provides guidelines, strategies, and resources for social workers that can be used when working with families and caregivers to mitigate any potential negative effects that the pandemic is having on children and their families. A case presentation is included to further illustrate these issues.