By means of various examples, the author demonstrates how Freud reacted to the preparations of his 80 birthday celebration and how he commented on his personal circumstances, the development of psychoanalysis in Vienna and the political situation at that time. The history of the International and the Viennese Psychoanalytical Society is described. These institutions were founded by Freud in order to assure the existence of psychoanalysis as an independent science against any aberrations. The author draws our attention to education and social work from psychoanalytical point of view, as it was developed within the Viennese Society, till the closure of the Society in March 1938. The Society reopened in spring 1946.