winnicott'un kuramında şiddet ve suçluluk

In this presentation we tried to discuss Winnicott's conception of aggression and guilt. His views are presented in a chronological survey of his writings concerning the subject. Beginning with his article on “Appetite and Affective Disorders” in which he described appetite and greediness as the primitive form of love; then his article on “Aggression” in which he described the whole of the baby's activities as primary aggression without any intention; later in his article “Aggression and Affective Development” he studied the different forms this primitive aggression takes during ego's development. For Winnicott the healthy development is reached when the baby is held by a good enough mother who permits him to feel a resistance, an obstacle. But her attitude cannot be qualified as sadism, cruelty or destructiveness. This emphasis on the object leads him to a very crucial notion in his theory: “The survival of the object”. The emergence of the unconscious guilt is due to the fact that the object had not been able to survive. This guilt is sometimes so unbearable that the child resigns to all tentative for reparation and denies the existence of the internal object. This in turn leads in adulthood to a “madness” which had to be experienced at the very beginning. The psychoanalytic frame and the creation, within this frame, of an adequate way of listening to accompany this madness, permits the analysand to live this unique experience which was lacking in his/her life.