At the end of the first World War, after the break-up of the Austro- Hungarian Empire, many reports became current in Vienna that men suffering from war neuroses had been brutally treated by the army doctors. An enquiry into the matter was therefore instituted by the Austrian War Ministry and a number of complaints were received from former mental patients against a half-dozen psychiatrists, one of whom was Wagner-Jauregg, in the course of which Freud was called upon to give an expert opinion. He accordingly submitted a memorandum to the commission responsible for the enquiry, and subsequently appeared before them for oral examination. Following the reading of the report there was a discussion, which appears below the memorandum.