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Psychic trauma is defined as a psychological event that suddenly overwhelms the ego's capacity to provide a sense of safety and integrative intactness, resulting in overwhelming anxiety, helplessness or threat, and produces long-lasting effects in the psychic organization. Traumatic neuroses are subject to a more primitive, more elementary, and more impulsive mode of mental functioning than the pleasure principle, which is called repetition compulsion. The repetition compulsion, which is supposed to occur by excitations that are powerful enough to break through the stimulus barrier from inside or outside and to override the pleasure principle, works as a function of the death instinct in the mental apparatus. The striking symptoms of a traumatic event had a powerful effect on Freud's thought and led him to describe the repetition compulsion and the death instinct, give emphasis to traumatic events “beyond the pleasure principle”, revise the theory of anxiety, and develop the dual drive theory. While Freud's explanations regarding the economic-dynamic approach to traumatic neurosis have important effects within the psychoanalytic theory, on the other hand, the concept of repetition compulsion was found controversial by various authors because it was based on death instinct. Since Freud's original definition in the Beyond the Pleasure Principle, the discussions on Freud's ideas about repetition compulsion have come up to date with different psychoanalytic explanations and have paved the way for many theoretical developments in psychoanalysis.