sürüden ayrılanı kurt kapar mı?: ‘aykırı’ kavramına psikanalitik bir bakış*

This article examines the concept of “deviance” or being the outsider from a psychoanalytic perspective. Although deviance is often defined as a departure from socially accepted norms, its meaning varies depending on cultural and group contexts. From a psychoanalytic viewpoint, deviance can be understood in relation to unacceptable aspects of the self, repressed drives, and disowned parts of the personality that are projected onto the Other. In this paper, the concept of deviance is discussed within the framework of object relations theory, drive theory, and group psychology, focusing on experiences of separation from the group, belonging, and exclusion. This theoretical discussion is illustrated through a character analysis of the film Into the Wild as well as a brief clinical case. The article suggests that deviance contains both creative and destructive potentials. When a marked discrepancy exists between the superego and the ego ideal, deviance may take the form of a narcissistic defense and turn into self-destructive tendencies. Conversely, the possibility of investing the ego ideal in new objects and relationships may allow difference to be elaborated in a more creative way. Whether deviance is accepted within a group also depends on the structure of the group and on the capacity of the leader or authority figure to adopt a containing rather than punitive function.