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The aim seems to be to arrive [back] at the primal scenes. In a few cases this is achieved directly, but in others only by a roundabout path, viâ phantasies. For phantasies are psychical façades constructed in order to bar the way to these memories.2 Phantasies at the same time serve the trend towards refining the memories, towards sublimating them. They are made up from things that are heard, and made use of subsequently; thus they combine things that have been experienced and things that have been heard, past events (from the history of parents and ancestors) and things that have been seen by oneself. They are related to things heard, as dreams are related to things seen. In dreams, to be sure, we hear nothing, but we see.
An immense load of guilt, with self-reproaches (for theft, abortion, etc.), is made possible [for a woman] by identification3 with these people of low morals, who are so often remembered