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The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of a displacement from the risk of AIDS to the risk of chemsex (sexual drug use among men who have sex with men, MSM). The article begins by recalling the historical links between the gay community, drug use, and prevention. It then presents international and French medical, sociological, anthropological, and psychoanalytical data linking the lowering of AIDS risk to the emergence of chemsex risk in the MSM (men who have sex with men) population. It explains the specific mechanisms of displacement from the risk of AIDS to the risk of chemsex, taking into account the articulation between the discourse of prevention and the unconscious. The main thesis is as follows: Due to transformations in the socioepidemiological context, a psychic conflictuality that was expressed through AIDS-related risk-taking is now also manifesting itself through chemsex-related risk-taking. The article reminds us that this conflictuality is not pathological, and that drug use should also be seen as a subjective solution with a social significance. The study therefore recommends that prevention professionals pay close attention to these risk-taking displacements, at both individual and collective levels, and measure their effects on a case-by-case basis.