Using a case study of early psychic trauma as his starting point, the author analyses the significance of the father in the constitution of the human mind. Representing reality beyond the early fusion with the mother, the father as an absent “other” signifies a threat to the child, which is re-actualised in the primal scene. However, the traumatic locus is not the perception of the parents' sexual relationship per se, but the infant's premature confrontation with the instinctual drive within its own body. The discovery of the father as a human being signifies a primary identification. It outlines an elementary frame of reference for the psychic representation of archaic drive phenomena, and contributes to the emerging ego ideal. In representing the principle of primary identification, the psychoanalytic setting gives room for metaphorical dealing with archaic drive phenomena, and makes the solution of intrapsychic conflicts possible in the transference.