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| Preface | viii |
| Part I: The Questions and their Background | 2 |
| Chapter 1. Exploring the Infant's Subjective Experience: A Central Role for the Sense of Self | 3 |
| Chapter 2. Perspectives and Approaches to Infancy | 13 |
| Part II: The Four Senses of Self | 36 |
| Chapter 3. The Sense of an Emergent Self | 37 |
| Chapter 4. The Sense of a Core Self: I. Self versus Other | 69 |
| Chapter 5. The Sense of a Core Self: II. Self with Other | 100 |
| Chapter 6. The Sense of a Subjective Self: I. Overview | 124 |
| Chapter 7. The Sense of a Subjective Self: II. Affect Attunement | 138 |
| Chapter 8. The Sense of a Verbal Self | 162 |
| Part III: Some Clinical Implications | 183 |
| Chapter 9. The “Observed Infant” as Seen with a Clinical Eye | 185 |
| Chapter 10. Some Implications for the Theories Behind Therapeutic Reconstructions | 231 |
| Chapter 11. Implications for the Therapeutic Process of Reconstructing a Developmental Past | 256 |
| Epilogue | 275 |
| Bibliography | 278 |
THE PATHS LEADING toward my writing this book have been many and interwoven. When I was a resident in psychiatry and in psychoanalytic training, we were always asked to summarize each case with a psychodynamic formulation, that is, an explanatory historical account of how the patient became the person who walked into your office. The account was to begin as early as possible in the patient's life, to include the preverbal and preoedipal influences operating during infancy. This task was always an agony for me, especially trying to tie the infancy period into a coherent life account. It was agonizing because I was caught in a contradiction. On one side, there was the strong conviction that the past influences the present in some coherent fashion. This fundamental assertion of all dynamic psychologies was one of the things that made psychiatry, for me, the most fascinating and complex of all the branches of medicine. Psychiatry was the only clinical discipline for which development really mattered. But on the other side, my patients knew so little about their earliest life histories and I knew even less abo