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The analyst of children and adolescents is present during the formation of attributes and capacities that become psychic structure and will eventuate in the adult personality. This engagement in the process of development is the source of both the strengths and the limitations of child and adolescent analysis in contributing to clinical work with adults. By contrast, the adult analyst becomes involved after processes of structure formation are complete. He reconstructs the past development of a relatively equilibrated adult personality. He can also observe the further evolution of the personality as the individual contends with the challenges of life. Like Galileo gazing through his telescope and discovering the mountains of the moon, the analyst of adults uses “the psychoanalytic instrument” to collect and organize psychoanalytic data concerning both the formative psychological influences and events of his patient's childhood as well as those concerning the adult personality. This is how the central findings of psychoanalysis—the determinative importance of the unconscious mind, the existence and relevance of infantile sexuality, and the clinical facts of resistance, transference, and countertransference were discovered. With the psychoanalytic instrument, the adult analyst can delineate and reconstruct the mountains and valleys of psychological significance